- Apply for a job as a police officer and get at least a year of experience under your belt.
- Fulfill your precinct's requirements and pass the detective exam. Then, ask for a promotion and work with your superiors to transition to a detective position.
- Continue gaining knowledge and developing your detective skills. Consider taking online criminal justice classes to increase advancement opportunities.
Meeting Basic Requirements
Meet the eligibility requirements. You'll need to wait until you're at least the minimum age. Most likely, you'll need a high school diploma, if not a college degree. The basic expectations typically include things like: Be a citizen of the country you reside in. For some agencies, you must also reside in the geographic area you want to serve in. Be above a minimum age, such as 18, 21, or 25. Have a clean criminal record. Hold a high school diploma or college degree.
Be in good physical and mental health. Being a detective is hard, often stressful work, and it can be taxing on your body and mind. To handle the job well, police agencies expect detectives to have: Excellent eyesight Good overall health No major physical or mental issues
Keep your behavior squeaky clean and upstanding. Detectives engage in high-level work, and are expected to have outstanding personal standards. As representatives of the law, they should be upstanding citizens. For instance: Detectives are expected to not use any illegal substances. Many agencies do not allow detectives to have offensive tattoos, or any tattoos on their face. Disciplinary actions on your record may make it difficult or impossible to become a detective.
Gain some experience as a police officer. Police academy teaches you about procedures, investigations, the use of force, and relationships with your community. This theoretical foundation ultimately helps prepare you for detective work, but the practical experience of actually serving as an officer is also very educational. After you've proven yourself as an officer, you may be a more attractive candidate for detective positions. Some agencies allow you to enter the force directly as a detective, without prior policing experience. However, you may be required to have a college degree in a relevant area, such as criminal justice.
Pass your detective examinations. Even if you are entering detective work with several years of policing experience, you will be asked to pass a series of exams when applying for the new job. Each police agency has its own set of examinations, and it will provide you with an exam schedule. These exams can be extensive, and take several days, if not longer. They include: A written test of your law-enforcement knowledge A test of physical skill and stamina A full background check A psychological evaluation
Gaining Experience
Serve your probationary period. Typically, in your first several months to a year or more as a detective you will be mentored and monitored closely to help you transition into the new line of work. You may start out working relatively simple criminal cases, before moving on to ones involving violent, serious, or complex crimes.
Master the day-to-day duties of a detective. Unlike their depictions on television, detectives spend most of their time researching cases and writing reports. They do also work cases on the ground and appear in court at times. Common duties include: Collecting evidence Interviewing witnesses Observing suspects, locations, and events Obtaining warrants Writing official reports to support or close cases Testifying in court
Practice mindfulness. A detective needs to be highly observant and aware to do their job well. The ability to focus and to multi-task is key to solving many cases. If you find focusing difficult, you could try mindfulness exercises to help you discover how to “live in the now.”
Wait for advancement opportunities. As you gain experience in working a variety of cases, opportunities for promotion may come your way. For example, you may be eligible for promotion to senior detective after a certain number of years of service. Do the best job you can, and let your superiors know that you are interested in advancement opportunities.
Developing Your Skills
Develop your communication skills. Detective work, like other positions in law enforcement, is mostly about working with other people. Since cases can often involve serious and sometimes dangerous situations, it is important to know how to communicate clearly and calmly with others, and how to listen carefully. Knowing how to de-escalate situations by talking to others is also beneficial to detectives. Consider taking classes in interpersonal communication to further your skills in this area. You can also ask your superiors to host a workshop where experts can come and talk to detectives about how to communicate well.
Further your education to increase advancement opportunities. Consider earning an advanced degree, such as a master's in criminal justice, sociology, forensic science, or a similar area. Some programs are available online. Look for shorter-term educational opportunities, such as seminars or continuing education classes in these same areas. Advanced education may also may you eligible for pay increases.
Develop specialized knowledge. Have specific skills, like knowing a foreign language or familiarity with cyber security, is a bonus as far as law enforcement agencies are concerned. If you already have skills like these, let your superiors know so that you can earn any associated pay increases or advancement opportunities. If you don't have any specialized skills, consider taking classes to give you an edge.
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