Screaming for musical performance is not about screaming your lungs out! While it may sound like some singers are screaming as hard and loud as they possibly can, most are not. Musical screaming is about learning to use your false vocal cords to produce screaming sounds, even though you are not screaming loudly or forcefully. If you do this, you can learn to scream as much as you want and you never have to worry about losing or damaging your voice because you scream in a band.
You should know what your voice range is (baritone, tenor, contralto, mezzo soprano, etc). If you don't already know, then search for info on the different voice ranges. Find an instrument you can sing along to, such as a guitar or piano, find middle C (256 Hz), and figure out what range you fit in to.
Warm up. Every good metal screamer does a warm-up at some time of the day before a performance. This is not a screaming warm-up, it's a singing warm-up. People like Randy Blythe of Lamb of God, Byron Davis of God Forbid, and Phil Labonte of All That Remains, all practice conventional singing warm-up exercises before a performance; the same fundamental exercises that you would do before choir practice. This is very important for your voice so don't be lazy and skip it. Find a singing warm-up routine, like singing the vowels--Eh, Ee, Ah, Oh, Oo--over a 5-note scale.
When you first start learning, you're going to be making a lot of dodgy noises. Like little cat growls and trying to speak like Marge Simpson. It's important that you create your scratchy sounds from the nasal region in the back, above your throat, not low in your throat. If you make the sound from low in your throat, you will be teaching yourself to do it wrong and learning a method that will hurt you. Try to feel the difference between the Marge voice and the low-in-the-throat, gargle-like noise. You should be able to create the Marge voice without hurting yourself. Use these two points of reference as you're learning. Remember to keep your scratchy sounds coming from higher up (the nasal region) so you don't damage your voice. If you're doing it wrong, it will hurt. Practice intelligently. You will probably be screaming wrong in the beginning, so save your voice until you figure out how to do it right.
Use your diaphragm correctly! Don't hold the air in your chest! You should breath in and fill your stomach, not your chest.
When you are first learning to scream and do not know how to use your diaphragm, flex your abdominals, kind of like you're about to take a punch. After you do that, talk a little bit, if you get a raspy sound coming out, you are talking correctly.
All you have to do from there, is repeatedly (over the course of many weeks), raise and lower pitch. Also after a long time of practice as to where you can get different pitches, try pushing out more air.
The more air you push out, the higher in pitch your screams will be. When performing high exhale screams, open your mouth as wide as possible and scream while flexing the diaphragm.
It is MOST likely that it will hurt at first, but after a while you will learn how to do this correctly. If, however, it continues to hurt and/or bleeds, you are doing it wrong.
To attain a different pitch use your diaphragm, tongue position and the shape of your mouth... lows for eg - lower your tongue open your mouth wide. For highs, raise your tongue high and allow the scream to hit the top of your throat.
For future reference, in most of the music that you might be trying to imitate, they use distortion effects in the studio or auto tune to make a deeper and fuller pitch.
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