The 15th day of the Olympics is in progress and the 15th doodle is of football, the world's most popular sport. The doodle, in its fourth 'playable' version, has come out with a doodle goalkeeper trying to save a few penalties.
Football has had a history of producing some immaculate scripts ever since its inception. But one aspect of the game that has seen provide excitement, adrenaline, agony, ecstasy and a lot many more emotions to the fans and players world-wide, is the penalty shoot out.
The penalties have a bit of everything - action, drama and tension which can bring out the best or worst in even the best of players. Players go down to their knees in agony if they miss a penalty and they go jumping in the air if they put one back of the net. The penalties have had an intriguing history ever since the concept burst on to the scene.
INCEPTION:
It must be surprising to know that the concept of penalty shoot-outs was never really a part of the game from the very beginning. In fact, prior to the existence of shoot-outs, the knock-out matches leveled after extra time were decided by a replay or a coin toss. However, the domestic circuits were at times, seen using the divergent of the modern shoot-outs. These included the Yugoslav Cup from 1952, the Coppa Italia from 1958-59, and the Swiss inter-regional Youth Cup from 1959-60.
Whenever a replay or playoff was not possible, especially in big competitions, ties used to be decided by drawing of lots. Examples include Italy's win over the USSR in the semi-final of the 1968 European Championship (the final, also drawn, went to a replay).
The origination of the modern shoot-out needs to be accredited to Israels' Yosef Dagan, who didn't settle for Israel losing the 1968 Olympic quarter-final due to the drawing of lots. Michael Almog, later president of the Israel FA, described Dagan's proposal in a letter published in FIFA News in August 1969. Teik, the Malaysian FA's member of the referee's committee, led the move for its adoption by FIFA.
FIFA's proposal was discussed on 20 February 1970 by a working party of the International Football Association Board (IFAB), which recommended its acceptance, although "not entirely satisfied" with it. It was adopted by the IFAB's annual general meeting on 27 June 1970.
DEVELOPMENT
The penalty shoot-outs were first seen at a professional level in a match featuring Manchester United and Hull City during a semi-final match of the Watney Cup in 1970. History was written in a match that was won by United. The first kicker was George Best of the United, while the first misser was Denis Law, also from United. The first save was by Hull City's Ian McKechnie.
After the first professional shout-out, penalties were seen very soon in the upcoming 1970-71 season of the European Cup. A match between Everton and Borussia Monchengladbach saw Everton win the first European Cup shoot-out with a 4-3 margin.
Later during the 1972-73 season, in a match featuring CSKA and Panathinaikos, the referee did a blunder when he ended the shoot-out, with CSKA leading 3-2 with Panathinaikos having taken only four kicks.
The shoot-outs entered the International front for the first time in the 1976 European Championship when Czechoslovakia played West Germany, with the former winning 5-3 after the decisive kick hitting the net by Antonin Paneka.
The first penalty shoot-out in the World Cup was in January 1977, in the first round of African qualifying, when Tunisia beat Morocco, while it was used in the finals in 1982, when West
Germany got the better of France in the semi-final.
If the 1982 final had been drawn, penalties would not have applied unless the replay was also drawn; from 1986, penalties were scheduled after the final as for the earlier knockout rounds.
RECORDS
The first ever shoot-out record was created during the Greek Cup final in 2009 where Olympiacos defeated AEK Athens with a score of 15-14. The record established was for the total number of shots taken during a shoot-out, which was 34.
A record for the longest consecutive scoring was set up at 27 in a Johnstones Pain Trophy first round encounter between Leyton Orient F.C. and Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. in September 2011.
The World record for the longest penalty shoot-out in a first class match stands at 48 during the 2005 Namibian Cup where KK Palace beat Civics 17-16.
The record for the highest score in a penalty shoot out was set in the 1988 Argentine Championship, when Argeninos Juniors beat Racing Club 20-19 after 44 penalties.
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